Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prevalence of the retrotransverse foramen of the atlas

Author:

Pękala Jakub R.12,Tempski Jonasz12,Krager Eirik12ORCID,Johansen Jacob12,Łazarz Dominik P.12ORCID,Walocha Jerzy A.12,Tubbs R. Shane34567,Tomaszewski Krzysztof A.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. International Evidence‐Based Anatomy Working Group Krakow Poland

2. The Brain and Spine Lab Department of Anatomy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland

3. Department of Neurosurgery Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA

4. Department of Neurology Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA

5. Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's University St. George's Grenada

6. Department of Structural & Cellular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA

7. Department of Surgery Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA

Abstract

AbstractThe retrotransverse foramen (RTF) is a nonmetric variant of the atlas vertebra that can accommodate an anastomotic vertebral vein and occipital nerve. An understanding of this variation and its occurrence is crucial, as it could aid in explanation of the unidentified cause of the high prevalence of variability in this region. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to obtain data on the prevalence of the RTF and its variations according to anatomy, sex, and ethnicity. A large‐scale search was conducted through the major online databases to establish and determine the pool of studies reporting data relevant to the RTF. No date or language restrictions were applied. The data collection was categorized by prevalence, type (incomplete/complete), side, sex, ethnicity, laterality, and diameter. A total of 17 studies (n = 1979 subjects) were incorporated into our analysis. The overall pooled prevalence for a complete RTF was 11.4% and the overall pooled prevalence of an incomplete (partial) RTF was 9.6%. A complete RTF was most prevalent in Africa (Sub‐Saharan population) (12.1%), followed by Europe (11.8%) and Asia (9.7%). As this variant occurs in a significant number of patients in all of the aforementioned populations, recognition, and awareness, especially with thorough investigation with computer tomography angiography (CTA) should be implemented, as it is the only possible way to visualize the possible contents of RTF.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Cell Biology,Developmental Biology,Molecular Biology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Histology,Anatomy

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