Exploring the potential of omega‐3 fatty acids in acne patients: A prospective intervention study

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundOmega‐3 fatty acids (ω‐3 FA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients known for their anti‐inflammatory properties, which involve reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin‐like growth factor‐1. This suggests their potential to alleviate acne severity, especially when deficits are present.AimsTo elevate EPA/DHA levels in acne patients through dietary intervention and supplementation, observing subsequent clinical effects.MethodsOver 16 weeks, 60 patients without prescription medication (n = 23 acne comedonica [AC], n = 37 acne papulopustulosa [AP]) adhered to a Mediterranean diet, incorporating oral algae‐derived ω‐3 FA supplementation (600 mg DHA/300 mg EPA week 1–8, 800 mg DHA/400 mg EPA week 8–16). At four visits (V1–V4), blood EPA/DHA levels were tracked using the HS‐omega 3 index® (EPA/DHA (%) of total identified fatty acids in erythrocytes; target 8%–11%, deficit <8%, severe deficit <4%), alongside clinical assessments and standardized questionnaires.ResultsAt baseline, 98.3% of patients had an EPA/DHA deficit, with the mean HS‐omega 3 index® rising from 4.9% at V1 to 8.3% at V4 (p < 0.001). AC showed significantly higher indices than AP at V4 (p = 0.035). Objective improvements in both inflammatory and non‐inflammatory lesions were observed (p < 0.001). While self‐reported appearance worsened in four patients, overall quality of life improved (p < 0.001), particularly in AP. Dietary triggers were more clearly defined than beneficial foods. Intake of cow's milk and dairy products reduced (p < 0.001). Compliance was good; no adverse events were reported.ConclusionMany acne patients have a ω‐3 FA deficit. The HS‐omega 3 index® can be increased by a Mediterranean diet and oral supplementation with algae‐derived ω‐3 FA. Acne severity improved significantly in patients with target ω‐3 FA levels.