1. Institute of Endemic Disease; University of Khartoum; Khartoum Sudan
2. Central Laboratory; Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research; Khartoum Sudan
3. Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
4. Department of Medicine; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
5. Telethon Kids Institute; The University of Western Australia; Subiaco WA Australia
6. Department of Biology; Taibah University; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia