1. Manuela Aguiar, 1986,Politica de emigracao e comunidades portuguesas. Secretaria de Estudos, Serie Migracoes, Politica, Relacoes Internacionais, Porto.
2. Onesimo T. Almeida, 1988,L(U.S.A.)landia: A decima ilha. Servicos de Emigracao, Angra do Heroismo.
3. J. C. Arroteia, 1985,Atlas da emigracao portuguesa. Porto.
4. Linda Basch, Glick Schiller Nina, and Blanc-Szanton Cristina, 1991, Transnationalism and the construction of the deterritorialized nation: An outline for a theory of post-national practices . Paper delivered at the meeting of the American Anthropological Association held in Chicago in1991 .