1. “Christianity and the Native Hawaiians,” 6–7.
2. See Beyer Carl Kalani , “Manual and Industrial Education during Hawaiian Sovereignty. Curriculum in the Transculturation of Hawai'i,” PhD diss., University of Illinois at Chicago, 2004.
3. Female Boarding Schools;Supplement to The Friend,1873
4. Anderson , Education of Blacks in the South, 35–36; Gordon, “History of the Hilo Boarding School,” 58–60.
5. In many ways, the upbringing, education, and experience of second-generation missionaries were very different from their parents. Because of their parents’ fear of contamination from Hawaiian contact during the early years, they were raised separately from Hawaiians, children and adults alike. As a result, most of them did not learn to “love” the Hawaiians as their parents did and some even developed an aversion to the people themselves. Stueber, “Hawai'i,” 157–59.