1. Department of Nursing Asia University Taichung City Taiwan
2. College of Nursing Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan
3. Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung City Taiwan
4. Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan
5. Department of Nursing Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung City Taiwan
6. National Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan City Taiwan
7. Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung City Taiwan