Systematics and biogeography of the Old World fern genus Antrophyum

Author:

Chen Cheng‐Wei123ORCID,Lindsay Stuart4,Nitta Joel5,Rouhan Germinal6,Sundue Michael7,Perrie Leon R.8,Huang Yao‐Moan9,Chiou Wen‐Liang9,Chung Kuo‐Fang2

Affiliation:

1. Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 115201 Taiwan

2. Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 115201 Taiwan

3. Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 106209 Taiwan

4. Native Plant Centre, Horticulture & Community Gardening Division National Parks Board 1 Cluny Road Singapore 259569 Singapore

5. Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 2‐11‐16 Yayoi, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐0032 Japan

6. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CNRS Université des Antilles Paris 75005 France

7. Department of Plant Biology University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA

8. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Wellington 6011 New Zealand

9. Taiwan Forestry Research Institute Taipei 100060 Taiwan

Abstract

AbstractAntrophyum is one of the largest genera of vittarioid ferns (Pteridaceae) and is most diverse in tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands, but also occurs in temperate Asia, Australia, tropical Africa and the Malagasy region. The only monographic study of Antrophyum was published more than a century ago and a modern assessment of its diversity is lacking. Here, we reconstructed a comprehensively sampled and robustly supported phylogeny for the genus based on four chloroplast markers using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses. We then explored the evolution of the genus from the perspectives of morphology, systematics and historical biogeography. We investigated nine critical morphological characters using a morphometric approach and reconstructed their evolution on the phylogeny. We describe four new species and provide new insight into species delimitation. We currently recognize 34 species for the genus and provide a key to identify them. The results of biogeographical analysis suggest that the distribution of extant species is largely shaped by both ancient and recent dispersal events.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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