Is imiquimod a promising drug to treat oral mucosa diseases? A scoping review and new perspectives

Abstract

Imiquimod (IMQ) is a chemotherapeutic and immunostimulant drug that is applied topically, demonstrating antitumor and antiviral activities. The objective of this review was to compile data on the off‐label use of IMQ in oral mucosal diseases. IMQ has exhibited effectiveness in the treatment of various oral mucosal conditions, including oral carcinogenic lesions, neoplasms, HPV‐related lesions and autoimmune disorders. Although IMQ holds promise as a potential strategy for addressing oral mucosal lesions, it is important to note that significant side effects have been frequently reported. Nonetheless, it is crucial to develop and test new technological systems, such as the combination of nanotechnology with innovative drug delivery platforms. These advancements aim to minimize side effects and prolong the drug's contact time with the mucosa, preventing its removal by salivary flow.