The buccal frenum: Trends in diagnosis and indications for treatment of buccal‐ties among 466 healthcare professionals

Author:

Baxter Richard1ORCID,Merkel‐Walsh Robyn2,Lahey Lisa3,Knutsen Chad4,Zaghi Soroush4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Alabama Tongue‐Tie Center Pelham Alabama USA

2. Diamond Myo Ridgefield New Jersey USA

3. Advanced Breastfeeding Care and Indy Myofunctional Therapy Indianapolis Indiana USA

4. The Breathe Institute Los Angeles California USA

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe buccal frenum is connective tissue that adheres the mucosa of the cheek to the alveolar process. When restricted, this condition is commonly known as a buccal‐ or cheek‐tie. Restrictive buccal frena are often treated during tongue‐ and lip‐tie procedures, yet widely accepted classification, diagnostic and treatment guidelines are lacking.ObjectiveProvide a scoping review on the evaluation and management of buccal‐ties, including diagnosis, classification, symptoms and treatment, by surveying healthcare providers with experience evaluating and managing oral restrictions.MethodsLiterature review and IRB‐approved survey to assess practice patterns among healthcare providers identified from online directories of tongue‐tie release providers and associated allied health professionals.ResultsA multidisciplinary group of 466 providers responded. About 87% indicated that they assess buccal restrictions. Evaluation methods included finger sweep (89.1%), visual inspection (76.4%), tissue blanching (66.5%) and functional assessment (53.4%). Around 94% of providers reported that objective and subjective findings are both needed for diagnosis and that an estimated 5%–10% of infants may be affected. About 70% of providers release buccal‐ties (if needed) simultaneously with tongue‐ties, and 76.8% recommend post‐operative stretches as necessary for optimal healing. Respondents indicated a need for further research, evidence‐based assessments, a classification system and treatment protocols.ConclusionEvaluating a buccal frenum to diagnose a symptomatic buccal‐tie relies upon visual inspection, palpation and assessment of oral function. Survey data and clinical experience are summarized to review classification systems, diagnostic/evaluation criteria and treatment recommendations as a foundational cornerstone for future works to build upon.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Dentistry

Reference13 articles.

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2. Frenectomy for improvement of a problematic conventional maxillary complete denture in an elderly patient: a case report

3. Short lingual frenum in infants, children and adolescents. Part 1: breastfeeding and gastroesophageal reflux disease improvement after tethered oral tissues release;Hand P;Eur J Paediatr Dent,2020

4. Gingival recession: epidemiology and risk indicators in a university dental hospital in Turkey

5. Ankyloglossia and Lingual Frenotomy: National Trends in Inpatient Diagnosis and Management in the United States, 1997-2012

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