Affiliation:
1. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Thammasat University Pathum Thani Thailand
2. Thammasat University Research Unit in Physical Therapy in Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Thammasat University Pathum Thani Thailand
Abstract
AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the acute impact of distinct loading breathing types and intensities on cardiac autonomic function and hemodynamic responses in healthy young adults.MethodsA randomized, crossover trial involved 28 participants who underwent inspiratory resistive breathing, expiratory resistive breathing (ERB) and combined resistive breathing, each at 30% and 60% of maximal respiratory pressures. Data on heart rate variability (HRV) and hemodynamic parameters were collected during each trial.ResultsThe study revealed significant main and interaction effects for both the performed task and the intensity across all measured variables (all p < 0.001). ERB at 60% load demonstrated significantly higher HRV values in the standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal RR intervals, the square root of the mean squared difference of successive normal‐to‐normal RR intervals and high‐frequency power, as well as significantly lower values in heart rate, stroke volume, stroke volume index, cardiac output, cardiac index, end‐diastolic volume and end‐diastolic volume index, compared to other loaded protocols (all p < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings highlight the acute effect of type‐specific and load‐dependent resistive breathing on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic functions, where ERB at 60% intensity showed the most significant cardiovagal modulation while causing the least hemodynamic alterations.