Coevolution of species colonisation rates controls food‐chain length in spatially structured food webs

Author:

Calcagno Vincent1ORCID,David Patrice2,Jarne Philippe2,Massol François3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institut Sophia Agrobiotech Université Côte d'Azur – CNRS – INRAE Sophia Antipolis Cedex France

2. CEFE, UMR 5175, CNRS − Université de Montpellier − IRD – EPHE Montpellier Cedex 5 France

3. Institut Pasteur de Lille Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 ‐ UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France

Abstract

AbstractHow the complexity of food webs depends on environmental variables is a long‐standing ecological question. It is unclear though how food‐chain length should vary with adaptive evolution of the constitutive species. Here we model the evolution of species colonisation rates and its consequences on occupancies and food‐chain length in metacommunities. When colonisation rates can evolve, longer food‐chains can persist. Extinction, perturbation and habitat loss all affect evolutionarily stable colonisation rates, but the strength of the competition‐colonisation trade‐off has a major role: weaker trade‐offs yield longer chains. Although such eco‐evo dynamics partly alleviates the spatial constraint on food‐chain length, it is no magic bullet: the highest, most vulnerable, trophic levels are also those that least benefit from evolution. We provide qualitative predictions regarding how trait evolution affects the response of communities to disturbance and habitat loss. This highlights the importance of eco‐evolutionary dynamics at metacommunity level in determining food‐chain length.

Funder

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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