1. Nursing Department; I-Shou University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
2. Anesthesiology Department; E-Da Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
3. Department of Nursing; National Tainan Junior College of Nursing; Tainan Taiwan
4. Department of Nursing; Mackay Medical College; Taipei Taiwan
5. Surgical Department; Yuan's General Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan