2. Made in the U.S.A.: Legal and Ethical Issues in Artificial Heart Experimentation

Author:

Annas George J.

Abstract

The death of William Schroeder in Louisville, Kentucky, on August 6, 1986, brought to a close a remarkable chapter in public human experimentation. Artificial heart implants represent the most public experiments in the history of the world. The manner in which they are conducted is a matter of utmost public and professional concern, since it graphically portrays the seriousness with which we take our laws and ethical rules regarding the protection of the rights and welfare of human subjects. Unfortunately, the brief history of artificial heart implants is neither a happy nor a proud one. Begun with high hopes and therapeutic intentions with the Barney Clark implant, the permanent procedures rapidly became little more than publicity stunts used to advertise Humana, Inc., a for-profit hospital chain. Indeed, on the night Mr. Schroeder died, Humana Hospital Audubon sent its public relations director to justify the experiment to a national television audience on Nightline, apparently because no physician at the hospital was willing or able to publicly defend the experiment.

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Subject

General Medicine

Reference22 articles.

1. 5. Working Group on Mechanical Circulatory Support, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Artificial Heart and Assist Devices: Directions, Needs, Costs, Societal and Ethical Issues (May 1985) at 33 (emphasis supplied).

2. 4. Surgeons Disagree on Artificial Heart, Science 230: 786 (Nov. 15, 1985).

3. 16. The clause reads: I am fully aware of the considerable public interest anticipated in my story as a recipient of a Total Artificial Heart. I am also aware that Humana Hospital-Audubon has an obligation to disseminate medical information concerning my hospital course as deemed appropriate in the judgment of my physician. In addition to those materials identified in paragraph 13 [relating to professional, scientific, and FDA use of information] Humana Hospital-Audubon, as approved by my physician, is authorized to make, or permit to be made, photographs, slides, films, video tapes, recordings or other means of recording and/or communicating hereinafter referred to as “material(s)” that may be used in newspaper, magazine articles, television, radio broadcasts, movies or any other media or means of dissemination. I consent to the use of my name, likeness, or voice for such purposes. I agree that Humana Hospital-Audubon or Humana Inc. will be the sole and exclusive owner of such materials, and I release the Humana Heart Institute, Humana Inc., Humana Hospital-Audubon, their officers, agents and employees from all claims of liability with respect to the showing, use or dissemination of such material(s). I understand that the materials which are made public, as described in this paragraph, will protect my modesty and be within generally accepted bounds of good taste. (Aug. 8, 1985 revision)

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