1. Understanding treatment decision making: Contexts, commonalities, complexities, and challenges
2. 33. For further discussion of these challenges, see infra Section II.
3. 19. By definition, paternalism is “the intentional overriding of one person's known preferences or actions by another person, where the person who overrides justifies the action by the goal of benefiting or avoiding harm to the person whose preferences or actions are overridden.” See Beauchamp, and Childress, , supra note 13, at 178.
4. 4. Id.
5. 64. A number of primary care practices have successfully adopted shared decision-making and the use of decision aids, including the University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC; White River Junction VA, White River Junction, VT; Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA; University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA; University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA; Maine Health – Portland, ME; Mercy Medical Center, Des Moines, IA; Stillwater Hospital, Stillwater, MN; Oregon Health Science, Portland, OR; Palo Alto Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA; and Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC), Hanover, NH. In addition, specialty practices at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and DHMC have also adopted shared decision-making and the use of decision aids.