Single‐amplified genomes reveal most streamlined free‐living marine bacteria

Author:

Roda‐Garcia Juan J.1,Haro‐Moreno Jose M.1,Rodriguez‐Valera Francisco1,Almagro‐Moreno Salvador23,López‐Pérez Mario1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Evolutionary Genomics Group, Departamento Producción Vegetal y Microbiología Universidad Miguel Hernández Alicante Spain

2. Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA

3. National Center for Integrated Coastal Research University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA

Abstract

AbstractEvolutionary adaptations of prokaryotes to the environment sometimes result in genome reduction. Our knowledge of this phenomenon among free‐living bacteria remains scarce. We address the dynamics and limits of genome reduction by examining one of the most abundant bacteria in the ocean, the SAR86 clade. Despite its abundance, comparative genomics has been limited by the absence of pure cultures and the poor representation in metagenome‐assembled genomes. We co‐assembled multiple previously available single‐amplified genomes to obtain the first complete genomes from members of the four families. All families showed a convergent evolutionary trajectory with characteristic features of streamlined genomes, most pronounced in the TMED112 family. This family has a genome size of ca. 1 Mb and only 1 bp as median intergenic distance, exceeding values found in other abundant microbes such as SAR11, OM43 and Prochlorococcus. This genomic simplification led to a reduction in the biosynthesis of essential molecules, DNA repair‐related genes, and the ability to sense and respond to environmental factors, which could suggest an evolutionary dependence on other co‐occurring microbes for survival (Black Queen hypothesis). Therefore, these reconstructed genomes within the SAR86 clade provide new insights into the limits of genome reduction in free‐living marine bacteria.

Funder

Agencia Estatal de Investigación

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Microbiology

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