Affiliation:
1. Division of Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland California USA
2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
3. Department of Health Systems Science Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine Pasadena California USA
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundHeavy alcohol use is a growing risk factor for chronic disease, yet little is known about its co‐occurrence with other risk factors and health problems. This study aimed to identify risk profiles of adults with heavy alcohol use and examined potential disparities by race and ethnicity.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 211,333 adults with heavy alcohol use (in excess of daily or weekly limits recommended by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) between June 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Latent class analysis was used to examine how heavy drinking patterns clustered with other behavioral and metabolic risk factors and health problems to form risk profiles. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit to examine associations between race, ethnicity, and risk profiles.ResultsA 5‐class model was selected as best fitting the data and representing clinically meaningful risk profiles: (1) “heavy daily drinking and lower health risks” (DAILY, 44.3%); (2) “substance use disorder and mental health disorder” (SUD/MH, 2.3%); (3) “heavy weekly drinking and lower health risks” (WEEKLY, 19.6%); (4) “heavy daily drinking and more health risks” (DAILY‐R, 18.5%); (5) “heavy weekly drinking and more health risks” (WEEKLY‐R, 15.3%). American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) and Black patients had higher odds than White patients of being in the SUD/MH, DAILY‐R, and WEEKLY‐R profiles than the DAILY profile. AIAN, Black, and Latino/Hispanic patients had higher odds than White patients of being in the SUD/MH, DAILY‐R, and WEEKLY‐R profiles rather than the WEEKLY profile.ConclusionsAIAN, Black, and Latino/Hispanic patients with self‐reported heavy drinking were more likely to be in risk profiles with greater alcohol consumption, more health risks, and higher morbidity. Targeted, culturally appropriate interventions for heavy alcohol use that may address other modifiable risk factors are needed to work towards health equity.
Funder
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism