Apple‐arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis confers resistance to Fusarium solani by inducing defense response and elevating nitrogen absorption

Author:

Wang Mei123,Xiang Li4,Tang Weixiao4,Chen Xuesen4,Li Chuanrong123,Yin Chengmiao4,Mao Zhiquan4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an China

2. Research Center for Forest Carbon Neutrality Engineering of Shandong Higher Education Institutions Tai'an Shandong PR China

3. Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Security Control of the Lower Yellow River of Shandong Higher Education Institutions Tai'an Shandong PR China

4. College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an Shandong China

Abstract

AbstractFusarium solani exerts detrimental effects on plant growth, which is one of the reasons for the incidence of apple replant disease. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant resistance to Fusarium wilt; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the symbiosis between apple and AMF and explored the physiology, especially nitrate metabolism, antioxidant defense, and photosynthetic performance, when infected by F. solani. The experiment was carried out with four treatments, namely AMF − F. solani, AMF + F. solani, AMF + F. solani, and + AMF + F. solani. In this study, the AMF + F. solani treatment increased the activity of enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, such as the nitrate and nitrite reductases, in the apple root system. The +AMF + F. solani treatment showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities than the AMF + F. solani by F. solani infection. The apple seedlings of the +AMF + F. solani treatment decreased reactive oxygen accumulation and reduced the oxidative damages triggered by F. solani infection. The improvement in antioxidant capacity due to the +AMF + F. solani treatment was closely associated with the upregulation of genes related to the antioxidant system. The F. solani infection greatly damaged the photosynthetic process, while the +AMF + F. solani treatment significantly improved it compared to the AMF + F. solani treatment. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the apple‐AMF symbiosis plays an active role in regulating the resistance against F. solani infection by enhancing defense response and nitrogen metabolism.

Funder

Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

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