1. From the Department of Emergency Medicine Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA
2. the Pacific Northwest Evidence‐based Practice Center Portland OR USA
3. the Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA
4. the Division of Biostatistics Oregon Health & Science University–Portland State University School of Public Health Portland OR USA
5. and the Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System Portland OR USA