Implication of cytoplasmic p53 expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma using next‐generation sequencing analysis

Abstract

AimsCytoplasmic p53 expression indicates a high frequency of TP53 abnormalities in gynaecological carcinoma. However, the implication of this expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) remains unclear. Thus, our study aimed to fill this research gap.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) of p53 was performed on 146 cases of resected small‐cell lung carcinoma and large‐cell NEC, and next‐generation sequencing was conducted on cases showing cytoplasmic and wild‐type p53 expression. IHC revealed overexpression in 57% of the cases (n = 83), complete absence in 31% (n = 45), cytoplasmic expression in 8% (n = 12) and wild‐type expression in 4% (n = 6) of the cases. TP53 mutations were identified in nine of the 13 cases with available genetic analysis. The TP53 mutation rates in cases with cytoplasmic and wild‐type p53 expression were 88% (seven of eight) and 40% (two of five), respectively. All seven cases showing cytoplasmic expression with TP53 mutations harboured loss‐of‐function type mutations: four had mutations in the DNA‐binding domain, two in the nuclear localisation domain and one in the tetramerisation domain. Clinically, cases with cytoplasmic p53 expression had a poor prognosis similar to that in cases with p53 overexpression or complete absence.ConclusionsCytoplasmic p53 expression in patients with pulmonary NEC suggests a high TP53 mutation rate, which is associated with a poor prognosis similar to that in patients with p53 overexpression or complete absence. This cytoplasmic expression should not be misidentified as a wild‐type expression. This is the first report, to our knowledge, that demonstrates the implication of cytoplasmic p53 expression in pulmonary NEC.