A Comprehensive Mini-review on COVID-19 Pathogenesis on Perspectives of Cytokine Storm and Recent Developments in Anti-Covid Nucleotide Analogues

Abstract

The world has been rocked by the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has significantly changed our way of life. Despite the unusual measures taken, COVID-19 still exists and affects people all over the world. A remarkable amount of study has been done to find ways to combat the infection’s unsurpassed level. No ground-breaking antiviral agent has yet been introduced to remove COVID-19 and bring about a return to normalcy, even though numerous pharmaceuticals and therapeutic technologies have been reused and discovered. The cytokine storm phenomenon is of utmost importance since fatality is strongly connected with the severity of the disease. This severe inflammatory phenomenon marked by increased amounts of inflammatory mediators can be targeted for saving patients’ life. Our analysis demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 specifically generates a lot of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and results in lymphocyte exhaustion. Tocilizumab is an IL-6 inhibitor that is currently thought to be both generally safe and effective. Additionally, corticosteroids, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blockers and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors could be effective and dependable methods to reduce cytokine-mediated storm in SARS-CoV-2 patients.