Does a single bout maximal effort forearm exercise test for determining critical impulse result in maximal oxygen delivery and consumption in men? A randomized crossover trial

Abstract

In a single bout maximal effort isometric forearm handgrip exercise test (maximal effort exercise test, MXT), contraction impulse exhibits exponential decay to an asymptote equivalent to critical impulse (CI). It is unknown whether oxygen delivery (O2del) and consumption ([Formula: see text]) achieved at CI are maximal. Healthy men participated in a randomized crossover trial at Queen’s University (Kingston, ON) between October 2017–May 2018. Participants completed an MXT and forearm incremental exercise test to limit of tolerance (IET-LOT) (7 completed MXT followed by IET-LOT vs. 4 completed IET-LOT followed by MXT) within a 2 week period. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Maximal forearm blood flow (FBF) and O2delwere not different in 11 men (21 ± 2.5 years) between MXT and IET-LOT (FBF = 473.8 ± 132.2 mL/min vs. 502.3 ± 152.3 mL/min; P = 0.482, ηp2 = 0.015; O2del= 85.2 ± 23.5 mL/min vs. 92.2 ± 37.0 mL/min; P = 0.456, ηp2 = 0.012). However, MXT resulted in greater maximal [Formula: see text] than IET-LOT (44.5 ± 15.2 mL/min > 36.8 ± 11.4 mL/min; P = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.09), due to greater oxygen extraction (54.0 ± 10.0% > 44.4 ± 8.6%; P = 0.021, ηp2 = 0.185). As CI was 88.6 ± 8.2% of IET-LOT contraction impulse, maximal O2cost of contractions in MXT was greater than IET-LOT (0.45 ± 0.14 mL/min/Ns > 0.33 ± 0.09 mL/min/Ns; P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.166). In healthy men, MXT identifying CI results in similar peak oxygen delivery but greater peak [Formula: see text] via increased extraction compared to an IET-LOT, indicating increased oxygen cost. MXT-CI may better estimate maximal [Formula: see text] than traditional IET-LOT for this exercise modality.