Characterizing prey fields in humpback whale foraging areas of southern British Columbia

Abstract

Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae) use southern British Columbia waters to feed, but the type and quantity of prey in many areas used for feeding is unknown. We conducted active acoustic prey mapping in 55 small grid-surveys in two regions off Vancouver Island. We quantitatively compared fish and zooplankton-dominated biomass in known feeding areas with and without foraging humpback whales, and qualitatively described the prey characteristics of the foraged areas. Surveys of the water column suggest that, on average, humpback whale foraging was associated more with increased zooplankton than fish biomass. Prey characteristics varied between the two regions (∼500 km apart), but there was no significant difference in mean backscatter strength in the actively foraged areas between the two regions. Frequency differencing discriminated between the dominant taxa in the water column, but potential epipelagic prey (<10 m) would have been omitted from analysis. However, average depth at the maximum acoustic prey detections was significantly deeper when whales were present (84 m) versus absent (60 m), suggesting predominantly subsurface foraging opportunities suitable to prey mapping.