1. Environmental Change Initiative and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 1400 East Angela Boulevard, Unit 117 South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
2. Great Lakes Project, The Nature Conservancy, 1400 East Angela Boulevard, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
3. Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.