Masses and thermodynamic properties of a quarkonium system

Abstract

Hulthen plus Hellmann potentials are adopted as the quark–antiquark interaction potential for studying the thermodynamic properties and the mass spectra of heavy mesons. The potential was rendered temperature dependent by replacing the screening parameter with Debye mass. We solved the radial Schrödinger equation analytically using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave function in terms of Laguerre polynomials were obtained. The present results are applied for calculating the mass of heavy mesons, such as charmonium [Formula: see text] and bottomonium [Formula: see text], and thermodynamic properties, such as the mean energy, the specific heat, the free energy, and the entropy. Four special cases were considered when these potential parameters were set to zero, resulting in Hellmann potential, Yukawa potential, Coulomb potential, and Hulthen potential, respectively. The present potential provides satisfying results in comparison with experimental data and the work of other researchers.