Adrenocorticotropin Secretion Rates Following Histamine Injection in Adult and Newborn Dogs

Abstract

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) for ACTH in adult dogs was previously shown not to vary significantly with varying plasma ACTH concentrations or among dogs. This is confirmed here for pups aged 1–7 days. Hence, ACTH secretion rates can be continuously calculated from a continuous function of plasma ACTH vs. time. Each of seven adult dogs under Nembutal anesthesia received two or three intravenous (i.v.) injections of histamine with increasing doses. The first injections in each dog ranged from 7 to 50 μg/kg, while the last dose was 62–108 μg/kg. A total of 16 injections were given. Twelve pups (two litters of six) aged 1–7 days each received one injection of histamine of 76–116 μg/kg (i.v.). ACTH concentrations in plasma were determined by an adrenal cell suspension bioassay before, and 6 times after each injection. Nine pups also underwent determinations of their MCR for ACTH, with plateau concentrations determined at three times during an ACTH infusion. Continuous curves of ACTH secretion rates were calculated for all 28 histamine injections, showing that all except the 1-day-old pups secrete considerable ACTH when stressed. Compared to adult dogs, the pups show lower secretion rate peaks and shorter periods of rapid secretion. Changes in plasma glucocorticoids also suggest that the adrenal cortex of newborn dogs can respond to ACTH by increased glucocorticoid secretion.