Group III and IV receptors of skeletal muscle

Abstract

The single largest group of sensory fibres leaving skeletal muscles are small myelinated or unmyelinated (groups III and IV) fibres. The receptors served by these small fibres have not been subjected to the same intensive study that receptors served by group I and II fibres have received. The evidence so far available suggests that receptors with group III and IV axons play a particular role in nociception and also subserve a wide range of sensory modalities. Despite their role in nociception, the primary afferent fibres from these receptors do not project to the substantia gelatinosa. A significant percentage of group III receptors are sensitive to stretch and have been thought to be the receptor source that initiates the clasp-knife reflex. Other group III receptors respond to chemical change within the muscle and have been implicated in the initiation of cardiovascular reflexes and the changes in muscle blood flow that accompany exercise. Group IV receptors also include high threshold mechanoreceptors and nociceptors. It is well known that encapsulated receptors are quite unevenly distributed within skeletal muscles and in different skeletal muscles. Preliminary evidence suggests that the variation in receptor content is not confined to encapsulated receptors, but that the receptors served by group III and IV afferents may have receptive properties that vary from muscle to muscle.