Sexual differences in hypothalamic adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate content

Abstract

Hypothalamic adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration was measured in the morning (10:00) and afternoon (16:00) in castrated and intact rats of both sexes to evaluate a possible sexual difference. Castration produced different effects on the hypothalamic cAMP concentration. In females, ovariectomy significantly reduced total hypothalamic cAMP concentration, whereas in males, orchidectomy elevated hypothalamic cAMP content. This observation was independent of the time of day at which the animals were killed. On the other hand, administration of the α-adrenoreceptor blocking agent phenoxybenzamine or theβ-adrenoreceptor blocker propranolol lowered the concentration of cAMP in the hypothalamus. However, this effect was selective and related to the time of day when the animals were killed. Phenoxybenzamine reduced the hypothalamic cAMP content in males killed in the afternoon, whereas the effect of propranolol was significant in males killed in the morning. These results indicate a response of hypothalamic cAMP to adrenoreceptor blockers in male rats opposite to that reported previously from our laboratory in female rats, suggesting that the functional behavior of the hypothalamic adrenergic response is strongly sex related.Key words: cyclic AMP, hypothalamus, gonadal steroids, norepinephrine concentration, α- and β-adrenoreceptor blockers, circadian rhythm.