Traditional uses and beneficial effects of various species of berry-producing plants in eastern Canada

Abstract

There are many different types of berry-producing plants that grow throughout North America. These various species of plants produce berries, known by their common names, such as blueberry, lingonberry, cranberry, crowberry, blackberry, bunchberry, bearberry, and strawberry. The berry fruits are important food sources and can be eaten fresh or preserved. The leaves of several species can also be enjoyed in teas. Contemporary medicine has demonstrated many potential health benefits of berries due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Indigenous Peoples have not only utilized berries as food, likely over many centuries, but have also passed down knowledge on the medicinal uses of various parts of these plants including the fruits, leaves and roots. This short review provides a synopsis of some of the major species of berry-producing plants that are prevalent in Canada, particularly eastern Canada. Current knowledge and traditional uses of important species of berry-producing plants are discussed.