Demand for nonprovisioning ecosystem services as a driver of change in the Canadian boreal zone1

Author:

Lamothe Karl A.1,Dong Haibin2,Senar Oscar E.2,Teichert Sonja3,Creed Irena F.34,Kreutzweiser David P.5,Schmiegelow Fiona K. A.6,Venier Lisa5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.

2. Department of Geography, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.

3. Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.

4. School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada.

5. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.

6. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.

Abstract

The Canadian boreal zone provides ecosystem services from local to global scales. Either directly or indirectly, demands for these services have and will continue to serve as drivers of change in the region. Here we present evidence for past, present, and potential future demand for maintaining nonprovisioning ecosystem services (NPrES), defined as indirect and nonmarketable services obtained from ecosystems as a driver of change in the boreal zone. Our evidence of demand stems from federal and provincial policies, actions by Indigenous peoples, and nongovernmental initiatives that aim to maintain the sustainability of natural resource extraction and ecosystem condition of the boreal. Presently, the demand for NPrES influences decisions related to natural resource development (e.g., forestry) that in turn impacts the condition of the boreal zone. Informed by the present conditions and past trends, three future scenarios to the year 2050 are presented that contrast in their trajectory—status quo, increased demand for NPrES, and decreased demand for NPrES. We also summarize the interactions among other drivers of change in the boreal and the synergies and trade-offs among the different types of demand for NPrES. Ultimately, sustainability of the boreal zone and the ecosystem services it provides will result from a complex suite of interacting drivers of change, where the balance of demands for provisioning and NPrES will continue to influence regional conditions.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

General Environmental Science

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