1. Caribou Monitoring Unit, Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
2. Applied Conservation Ecology (ACE) Lab, Department of Renewable Resources, 701 General Services Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.
3. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, and Mammalogy Program, Royal Alberta Museum, 12845–102 Ave., Edmonton, AB T5N 0M6, Canada.