Scanning electron microscopic studies of wax formations on leaves of higher plants

Abstract

A scanning electron microscope was used to observe variations in wax formations on leaves of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., var. Capitata greenback), corn (Zea mays L., hybrid var. NK KE 449), cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L., var. Little Marvel). Results obtained by this technique compare favorably to results from a carbon replica technique. The size and shape of the wax formations on adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the same leaf differed in all genera. A study was made of surface wax development on pea leaves. Wax "crystals" on the abaxial surfaces were larger than those on the adaxial surfaces. Individual wax crystals on the first-formed leaves were two to three times larger than those on the sixth-formed leaves. Results were similar for peas, whether they were grown in growth chambers or greenhouses; this indicated that subtle changes in environment do not greatly affect the appearance of wax formations. The question of cuticular pores is discussed.