Relaxation phenomena of nicotinamide and benzamide with 1-propanol and 1-butanol in C6H6 under static and 9.385 GHz electric field

Abstract

Dielectric relaxation behaviors of nicotinamide+1-propanol, benzamide+1-propanol, and nicotinamide+1-butanol dissolved in C6H6 at 0.990, 0.985, 0.980, 0.975, 0.970; 0.990, 0.985, 0.980, and 0.980 mol fraction xj of 1-propanol or 1-butanol at temperature 30 °C and 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively, are studied using the Debye model of binary polar–non-polar liquid mixture to predict double relaxation times τ2 and τ1 and dipole moments μ2 and μ1 from susceptibility measurement of concentration variation solution data under static and 9.385 GHz electric fields. Nineteen systems exhibit τ2, τ1 and μ2, μ1. τ2 are found to increase with temperature for all the binary polar mixtures, whereas τ1, most probable τ0, and measured τ from slope methods are almost the same. They agree well with the τ reported by Higasi. The plots of τjk–xj and μjk–xj curves reveal solute–solute and solute–solvent molecular association through H-bonding, and variation of μ with t (°C) is noted from the μjk–t curve. The associational aspects are taken into consideration from theoretical μtheo from the standpoint of inductive, mesomeric, and electromeric effects within the polar groups of the molecules. The estimated Debye factor τjkT/η and Kalman factor τjkT/ηγ reveal that the polar mixture obeys the Debye relaxation mechanism.