Children’s thermoregulation during exercise in the heat — a revisit

Author:

Falk Bareket1,Dotan Raffy1

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Applied Health Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.

Abstract

The review revisits some child–adult differences relevant to thermoregulation and offers alternatives to accepted interpretations. Morphologically, children have a higher body surface area to mass ratio — a major factor in “dry” heat dissipation and effective sweat evaporation. Locomotion-wise, children are less economical than adults, producing more heat per unit body mass. Additionally, children need to divert a greater proportion of their cardiac output to the skin under heat stress. Thus, a larger proportion of their cardiac output is shunted away from the body’s core and working muscles — particularly in hot conditions. Finally, under all environmental conditions and allometric comparisons, children's sweating rates are lower than those of adults. The differences appear to suggest thermoregulatory inferiority, but no epidemiological data show higher heat-injury rates in children, even during heat waves. We suggest that children employ a different thermoregulatory strategy. In extreme temperatures, they may indeed be more vulnerable, but under most ambient conditions they are not necessarily inferior to adults. Children rely more on dry heat dissipation by their larger relative skin surface area than on evaporative heat loss. This also enables them to evaporate sweat more efficiently with the added bonus of conserving water better than adults.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Physiology (medical),Nutrition and Dietetics,Physiology,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Reference45 articles.

1. Climatic Heat Stress and the Exercising Child and Adolescent

2. AGE DIFFERENCES IN SWEATING DURING MUSCULAR EXERCISE

3. Astrand, P.O. 1952 Experimental studies of physical work capacity in relation to sex and age. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, Denmark.

4. Bar-Or, O. 1977. Age-related changes in exercise perception. In Physical work and effort. Edited by G. Borg. Pergammon Press, Oxford , UK. pp. 255–266.

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