Resistance exercise attenuates skeletal muscle oxidative stress, systemic pro-inflammatory state, and cachexia in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats

Author:

Padilha Camila Souza1,Borges Fernando Henrique2,Costa Mendes da Silva Lilian Eslaine3,Frajacomo Fernando Tadeu Trevisan14,Jordao Alceu Afonso3,Duarte José Alberto5,Cecchini Rubens2,Guarnier Flávia Alessandra2,Deminice Rafael1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-97, Brazil.

2. Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle Adaptations, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-97, Brazil.

3. Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.

4. Brazilian National Institute of Cancer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20230-130, Brazil.

5. CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-450, Portugal.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training (RET) on oxidative stress, systemic inflammatory markers, and muscle wasting in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Male (Wistar) rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary controls (n = 9), tumor-bearing (n = 9), exercised (n = 9), and tumor-bearing exercised (n = 10). Exercised and tumor-bearing exercised rats were exposed to resistance exercise of climbing a ladder apparatus with weights tied to their tails for 6 weeks. The physical activity of control and tumor-bearing rats was confined to the space of the cage. After this period, tumor-bearing and tumor-bearing exercised animals were inoculated subcutaneously with Walker-256 tumor cells (11.0 × 107 cells in 0.5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline) while control and exercised rats were injected with vehicle. Following inoculation, rats maintained resistance exercise training (exercised and tumor-bearing exercised) or sedentary behavior (control and tumor-bearing) for 12 more days, after which they were euthanized. Results showed muscle wasting in the tumor-bearing group, with body weight loss, increased systemic leukocytes, and inflammatory interleukins as well as muscular oxidative stress and reduced mTOR signaling. In contrast, RET in the tumor-bearing exercised group was able to mitigate the reduced body weight and muscle wasting with the attenuation of muscle oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory markers. RET also prevented loss of muscle strength associated with tumor development. RET, however, did not prevent the muscle proteolysis signaling via FBXO32 gene messenger RNA expression in the tumor-bearing group. In conclusion, RET performed prior tumor implantation prevents cachexia development by attenuating tumor-induced systemic pro-inflammatory condition with muscle oxidative stress and muscle damage.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Physiology (medical),Nutrition and Dietetics,Physiology,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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