1. College of Transportation Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
2. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
3. College of Civil and Transportation engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
4. Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
5. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
6. School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, USA.