Application of X-rays to interpret alloying effects on the 3d and 4s4p electron populations of nickel-boron-nitrogen metal matrix composites

Abstract

For this experiment, nickel-boron and nickel-boron-nitrogen alloys are created using the electrochemical deposition method. Utilizing energy-dispersive X-ray methods, the nickel-boron and nickel-boron-nitrogen alloys are characterized. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the crystal structure of nickel-boron and nickel-boron-nitrogen alloys. An energy dispersed X-ray fluorescence spectrometer is used to gather X-ray photons from the present samples. The number of radiated X-ray photons from the present specimens is used to compute the Kβ/Kα intensity ratios. The theoretical Coulomb and Babushkin gauges are used to calculate the populations of the 3d and 4s4p electrons. The observed data imply that shielding effects from 4s3d orbitals, hybridization, changes in energy levels, and charge transfer mechanism may be the causes of the variance in 3d and 4s4p electron populations. In an effort to clarify the conclusions drawn as a result of all these computations, this study contrasts the results with those of pure nickel.