CONDUCTANCES, DENSITIES, AND FLUIDITIES OF SOLUTIONS OF SILVER NITRATE AND OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AT 35°

Abstract

The equivalent conductances of concentrated solutions of ammonium and silver nitrates have been determined up to saturation at 35.00 °C. with a probable error of 0.1%. The equivalent conductances behave in a normal manner for strong electrolytes in aqueous solution, being approximately linear with the first power of the concentration, though slightly convex to the concentration axis. The viscosities and fluidities of these same solutions have been determined both at 25.00 °C. and 35.00 °C. with a probable error of 0.2%. Ammonium nitrate solutions exhibit the phenomenon of "negative viscosity" which tends to disappear at higher temperatures, the viscosity minimum or fluidity maximum shifting towards higher dilution. The silver nitrate fluidities decrease continuously with concentration, the curve showing less tendency to linearity at high concentrations than that for ammonium nitrate. The densities of the solutions at both temperatures have been determined with an apparent error of 0.02%. Apparent molal volumes have been calculated from these figures at 35.00 °C. The concentrations of the saturated solutions of both salts at 25.00 °C. and 35.00 °C. have been determined by the conductance method and are in good agreement with the published data. The average temperature coefficients of fluidity and conductance for both salts have been evaluated between 25.00 °C. and 35.00 °C. and an approximate constancy of the ratio of fluidity coefficient to conductance coefficient has been observed beyond 2 molar. The ratios appear to have the mean value of 1.12 for both salts in spite of a considerable difference in the individual coefficients.