Some geotechnical aspects of the Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake of January 17, 1995

Abstract

A geological and seismological framework is provided for understanding the damage to structures resulting from soil conditions. The paper focusses on the large-scale failures of the quay walls in Kobe Port due to liquefaction, and contrasts the performance of structures in improved and unimproved ground. Soil–structure interaction problems such as pile foundations, bridge piers, lifelines, and an underground subway station are also described. These failures have important implications for seismic design in the Fraser Delta in British Columbia, which has the potential for extensive liquefaction during a major earthquake. Key words: ground motions, directivity effects, liquefaction, lateral spreading, seismic settlements, seismic damage, port facilities, ground improvement.