Author:
Buckley James A.,Whitmore Cecil M.,Matsuda Robert I.
Abstract
Yearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were exposed for 12 wk to either 0.3, 1.1, or 3.6% chlorinated municipal sewage treatment plant effluent with seawater diluent (average salinity 28‰)under continuous flow conditions. The maximum safe concentration of effluent lies between 0.3 and 1.1% (average total residual chlorine (TRCl2) content 0.003 and 0.009 mg/liter, respectively). Effluent concentrations of 0.3% produced no discernible effects on the fish. Concentrations of 1.1 and 3.6% (average content of TRCl2 0.030 mg/liter) resulted in reductions of hemoglobin and hematocrit to levels indicative of anemia. Observations of the erythrocytes revealed lysed and degenerating cells, increased numbers of circulating immature cells, and abnormal cells. These hematological effects are attributed to the oxidative nature of TRCl2.
Publisher
Canadian Science Publishing
Cited by
48 articles.
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