Scanning electron microscopy of Cronartium spores

Abstract

Aeciospores of C. conigenum, C. fusiforme, C. occidentale, C. quercuum, and C. strobilinum have surface features characterized by annulate projections and a well-developed smooth area. Aeciospores of C. appalachianun have annulate projections but lack a well-developed smooth area. Urediospores and teliospores of C. fusiforme and C. quercuum were indistinguishable from each other.