Impacts of soil, water source, and agro-climatic conditions on exchangeable sodium in rice-cultivated lowland soils of Sri Lanka

Author:

Sugathas Sinthuja1ORCID,Sirisena Dineratne2,Nijamudeen Mohomad3,Marambe Buddhi1ORCID,Kadupitiya Harsha4,Beneragama Chalinda1ORCID,Chandrajith Rohana5ORCID,Suriyagoda Lalith1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

2. Rice Research and Development Institute, Department of Agriculture, Batalagoda, Sri Lanka

3. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture, Makandura, Sri Lanka

4. Natural Resources Management Centre, Department of Agriculture, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

5. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Rice is sensitive to salt stress, commonly caused by high concentrations of sodium (Na) in soils. However, the concentration and spatial variability of exchangeable Na in lowland paddy fields of Sri Lanka are not known. This study examined the interactive effects of the agro-climatic zones (ACZs), soil orders, and water sources on exchangeable Na in lowland paddy fields in Sri Lanka using 8566 soil samples. Exchangeable Na was extracted using 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 solution and detected using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry. Exchangeable-Na concentration ranged from 0.05 to 4814 mg kg−1 with a mean concentration of 140.7 mg kg−1, and these values were within the optimal range reported for tropical paddy soils. The distribution of exchangeable Na was right skewed with 44%, 35%, and 9.3% of samples falling into 0–100, 100–200, and 200–300 mg kg−1, respectively. Samples from the Low country Dry zone had the highest (157 mg kg−1) Na concentration while that in the Upcountry Intermediate zone was the lowest (13 mg kg−1) ( p < 0.05). Vertisols recorded the highest (255 mg kg−1) and Ultisols recorded the lowest (81 ± 5.0 mg kg−1) among soil orders. Soils receiving supplementary irrigation in Low country Dry zone had lower Na than that in rainfed systems. Exchangeable-Na concentration was positively correlated with soil pH ( p < 0.05). Even though the concentrations of Na in soil samples were within the optimal range, agronomic decisions based on ACZ, soil order, and water source need to be made to minimize the potential development of saline–sodic soils in the study areas.

Funder

World Bank

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

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