Use of Biochemical Genetic Variants for Identification of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Stocks in Cook Inlet, Alaska

Abstract

We used the geographic distributions of biochemical genetic variants in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to describe features of its population structure and to identify stocks in commercial catches from the central fishing district of Cook Inlet, Alaska. Allelic frequencies for 6 polymorphic loci were determined for samples of 13 spawning areas using starch gel electrophoresis and were used as the basis of stock classification. The level of genetic variation, estimated by average heterozygosity, was 4.6%. Likelihood ratio tests for heterogeneity among allelic frequencies indicated a significant degree of heterogeneity among spawning areas within the Susitna and Kenai rivers, but not among the spawning areas within the Kasilof River. These tests also indicated that for the Kasilof River, where multi-year samples were taken, allelic frequencies were not significantly different for two consecutive years. Cluster analysis of genetic similarities between samples indicated that the samples from the Kasilof River were distinct from samples of the Kenai and Susitna rivers, but that Kenai and Susitna River samples were not distinct from one another. Maximum likelihood estimates of the stock composition of samples collected from the set- and drift-gillnet fisheries were made on a weekly basis during the commercial fishing season. These estimates indicated that Susitna River fish predominated in the 1976 run into Cook Inlet.Key words: sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka; stock identification, biochemical genetic variation, population genetics, Cook Inlet, electrophoresis