Effects of 17β-estradiol and antioxidant administration on oxidative stress and insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats

Abstract

The prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome increases during menopause with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and impairment of the free radical scavenger function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and vitamin E, as an antioxidant, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in the brain cortex and liver of ovariectomized rats as well as on insulin resistance in those rats. Forty female Sprague–Dawley rats, 3 months of age and weighing 231.5 ± 9.4 g, were divided into 4 groups: sham, ovariectomized (OVX), OVX treated with E2 (40 µg/kg subcutaneously), and OVX treated with E2 and vitamin E (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The 4 groups received the appropriate treatment every day for 8 weeks. Levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase , catalase, and malondialdehyde in the brain cortex and liver of ovariectomized rats were measured. Also, fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. Malondialdehyde increased and antioxidants (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) decreased in the brain cortex and liver of OVX rats. Also, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR increased in OVX rats. E2 and E2 plus vitamin E decreased malondialdehyde and increased antioxidants in the brain cortex and liver of OVX rats. Moreover, they decreased fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR in ovariectomized rats. This study demonstrates that E2 and E2 plus vitamin E supplementation to OVX rats may improve insulin resistance, strengthen the antioxidant system, and reduce lipid peroxidation.