Lactoferrin and oral pathologies: a therapeutic treatment

Author:

Rosa Luigi1,Lepanto Maria Stefania1,Cutone Antimo2,Ianiro Giusi2,Pernarella Stefania3,Sangermano Riccardo1,Musci Giovanni2,Ottolenghi Livia3,Valenti Piera1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

2. Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy.

3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Abstract

The oral cavity is a non-uniform, extraordinary environment characterized by mucosal, epithelial, abiotic surfaces and secretions as saliva. Aerobic and anaerobic commensal and pathogenic microorganisms colonize the tongue, teeth, jowl, gingiva, and periodontium. Commensals exert an important role in host defenses, while pathogenic microorganisms can nullify this protective function causing oral and systemic diseases. Every day, 750–1000 mL of saliva, containing several host defense constituents including lactoferrin (Lf), are secreted and swallowed. Lf is a multifunctional iron-chelating cationic glycoprotein of innate immunity. Depending on, or regardless of its iron-binding ability, Lf exerts bacteriostatic, bactericidal, antibiofilm, antioxidant, antiadhesive, anti-invasive, and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we report the protective role of Lf in different oral pathologies, such as xerostomia, halitosis, alveolar or maxillary bone damage, gingivitis, periodontitis, and black stain. Unlike antibiotic therapy, which is ineffective against bacteria that are within a biofilm, adherent, or intracellular, the topical administration of Lf, through its simultaneous activity against microbial replication, biofilms, adhesion, and invasiveness, as well as inflammation, has been proven to be efficient in the treatment of all known oral pathologies without any adverse effects.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Cell Biology,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry

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