X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of pyrite-permineralized fruits and seeds from the London Clay Formation (Ypresian) conserved in silicone oil: a critical evaluation

Author:

Collinson Margaret E.1,Adams Neil F.2,Manchester Steven R.3,Stull Gregory W.3,Herrera Fabiany4,Smith Selena Y.5,Andrew Mary J.6,Kenrick Paul7,Sykes Dan8

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.

2. Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.

3. Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

4. Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA.

5. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

6. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.

7. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.

8. Imaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.

Abstract

Pyrite-permineralized fruits and seeds from the London Clay Formation (Ypresian; England) in the NHMUK are stored in silicone oil to retard decay processes. X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has revealed internal morphology for multiple holotypes (including severely cracked and encrusted specimens) scanned in the protective fluid. Silicone oil alone has a similar X-ray attenuation to parts of the specimens, causing minor uncertainty for digitally rendered surfaces, but key systematic characters are readily visualized. Further work is needed to optimize visualization of fine-scale cellular detail. Labelling and segmentation to visualize important structures is achievable with these micro-CT datasets. However, manual labelling of individual slices is required, and defining boundaries between features can be difficult due to differential pyritization and silicone oil permeation. Digital sections through specimens can be made in any orientation and digital locule casts can be produced for studies in virtual taphonomy. These achievements have been accomplished with minimal risk to specimens, which remained in silicone oil and were studied within the museum. The datasets provide a potentially permanent record of at-risk specimens, can be made widely available to researchers unable to visit the collections and to other interested parties, and they enable monitoring for future conservation.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference81 articles.

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5. Chandler, M.E.J. 1961. The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England. I. Palaeocene Floras, London Clay Flora (Supplement). British Museum (Natural History), London, UK.

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