Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems

Published:2022-09-01 Issue:3 Volume:8 Page:572-608
ISSN:2368-7460
Container-title:Arctic Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Arctic Science

Author:

Rixen Christian¹²,Høye Toke Thomas³,Macek Petr⁴,Aerts Rien⁵,Alatalo Juha M.⁶,Anderson Jill T.⁷,Arnold Pieter A.⁸,Barrio Isabel C⁹,Bjerke Jarle W.¹⁰,Björkman Mats P.¹¹¹²,Blok Daan¹³,Blume-Werry Gesche¹⁴,Boike Julia¹⁵¹⁶,Bokhorst Stef⁵,Carbognani Michele¹⁷,Christiansen Casper T.¹⁸,Convey Peter¹⁹,Cooper Elisabeth J.²⁰,Cornelissen J. Hans C.⁵,Coulson Stephen J.²¹,Dorrepaal Ellen²²,Elberling Bo²³,Elmendorf Sarah C.²⁴,Elphinstone Cassandra²⁵,Forte T’ai G.W.¹⁷,Frei Esther R.¹²²⁶²⁷,Geange Sonya R.²⁸,Gehrmann Friederike²²,Gibson Casey²⁹,Grogan Paul³⁰,Halbritter Aud Helen²⁸³¹,Harte John³²³³,Henry Gregory H.R.²⁶,Inouye David W.³⁴³³,Irwin Rebecca E.³³³⁵,Jespersen Gus³⁶,Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Svala³⁷,Jung Ji Young³⁸,Klinges David H.³⁹,Kudo Gaku⁴⁰,Lämsä Juho⁴¹,Lee Hanna⁴²,Lembrechts Jonas J.⁴³,Lett Signe¹⁸,Lynn Joshua Scott²⁸³¹,Mann Hjalte M.R.³,Mastepanov Mikhail⁴¹⁴⁴,Morse Jennifer⁴⁵,Myers-Smith Isla H.⁴⁶,Olofsson Johan⁴⁷,Paavola Riku⁴¹,Petraglia Alessandro¹⁷,Phoenix Gareth K.⁴⁸,Semenchuk Philipp⁴⁹,Siewert Matthias B.⁴⁷,Slatyer Rachel⁸,Spasojevic Marko J.⁵⁰,Suding Katharine⁴⁵,Sullivan Patrick⁵¹,Thompson Kimberly L.⁵²,Väisänen Maria⁵³,Vandvik Vigdis²⁸³¹,Venn Susanna⁵⁴,Walz Josefine²²,Way Robert⁵⁵,Welker Jeffrey M.³⁶⁵³⁵⁶,Wipf Sonja¹⁵⁷,Zong Shengwei⁵⁸

Affiliation:

1. WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, Davos Dorf, 7260, Switzerland.

2. Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC, Davos Dorf, Switzerland.

3. Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4-8, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.

4. Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

5. Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

6. Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

7. Genetics Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7223, USA.

8. Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

9. Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, 112, Reykjavík, Iceland.

10. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway.

11. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.

12. Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.

13. Dutch Research Council (NWO), The Hague, The Netherlands.

14. Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 15, Greifswald, 17487, Germany.

15. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A45, Potsdam, 14473, Germany.

16. Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany.

17. Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy.

18. Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

19. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.

20. Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.

21. Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, Longyearbyen, Svalbard 9171, Norway.

22. Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden.

23. Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

24. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder. CO 80309-0450, USA.

25. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

26. Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

27. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland.

28. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

29. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW, Sidney, Australia.

30. Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.

31. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

32. Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

33. Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.

34. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

35. Department of Applied Ecology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

36. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.

37. Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102, Reykjavík, Iceland.

38. Korea Polar Reseach Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.

39. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

40. Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.

41. Oulanka Research Station, University of Oulu, Liikasenvaarantie 134, Kuusamo, 93900, Finland.

42. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjekrnes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.

43. Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium.

44. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.

45. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

46. School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK.

47. Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden.

48. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.

49. Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna.

50. Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

51. Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.

52. Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

53. Ecology and Genetics Rresearch Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran street 1, Linnanmaa, Oulu 90014, Finland.

54. Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.

55. Northern Environmental Geoscience Laboratory, Department of Geography and Planning, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.

56. University of the Arctic (UArctic), Rovaniemi 96101, Finland.

57. Swiss National Park, Chasté Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch, 7530, Zernez.

58. Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.

Abstract

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance and 5.5 days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56 days) or among years (mean range 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science

Link

https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/as-2020-0058

Reference345 articles.

1. Evaluating satellite retrieved fractional snow-covered area at a high-Arctic site using terrestrial photography

2. Are above‐ and below‐ground phenology in sync?

3. Arctic shrub growth trajectories differ across soil moisture levels

4. Seasonal climate manipulations have only minor effects on litter decomposition rates and N dynamics but strong effects on litter P dynamics of sub-arctic bog species

5. Changes in alpine plant communities under climate change: Dynamics of snow-meadow vegetation in northern Japan over the last 40 years

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