Effect of undernutrition on haematological and serum biochemical characteristics in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Abstract

The effect of induced long-term undernutrition on blood composition was studied in red deer. Food-restricted animals (n = 3) received 20% of the ration of control animals (n = 3) for a period of 13–23 weeks. An initial large mass loss and increased packed cell volume in the food-restricted animals suggested malnutrition-induced dehydration. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity decreased, suggesting an effect on hepatic and (or) intestinal excretion and (or) lowered osteoblast activity. Plasma creatinine and urea concentrations increased, suggesting reduced kidney function and decreased excretion. In addition, increased serum urea nitrogen concentration probably reflected increased endogenous protein catabolism and (or) haemoconcentration. Albumin concentrations decreased, suggesting decreased protein status. Contrary to what had been expected, free fatty acid and ketone body concentrations did not increase. This suggests that lipolysis occurs in accordance with the potency to metabolize lipids without inducing ketogenesis. Possibly, simultaneous catabolism of fat and protein occurred to prevent ketosis. Creatinine level, urea/creatinine ratio, and alkaline phosphatase level are most suitable for evaluating the condition of red deer.