Classification of nine species and subspecies of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae: Glossina Wiedemann) based on molecular genetics and breeding data

Abstract

Adults from nine taxa of tsetse flies (Glossina) were examined by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, and banding patterns for 12 enzymes were determined and interpreted in terms of allele frequencies. Tetrazolium oxidase and manganese-stimulated malic acid dehydrogenase were monomorphic in each taxon. Arginine phosphokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and an esterase from testes were controlled by X-chromosome loci. Seven enzymes (xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, octanol dehydrogenase, an esterase, an α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, malic acid dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase) were controlled by autosomal loci. With the exception of Glossina morsitans submorsitans, members of the morsitans group had higher average heterozygosity per locus than did members of the palpalis group. A phenogram, based on mean genetic identities, placed G. austeni in the palpalis group, rather than in the morsitans group. Electropherograms indicated substantial genetic differences between G. m. submorsitans and other subspecies of G. morsitans sensu lato. A strong postmating barrier prevented hybridization of G. m. submorsitans (originating from Upper Volta) with G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis. Using the X-chromosome loci ocra and salmon as markers, genetical recombination was not observed in hybrids of G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis.