The superficial buffer barrier in vascular smooth muscle

Abstract

Force development and fura-2 fluorescence were simultaneously measured in the rabbit inferior vena cava. Discharging SR Ca2+ with either caffeine or norepinephrine prior to stimulation of Ca2+ influx induced a delay of 30–70 s between the intracellular Ca2+ signal and development of force. This delay was abolished by the application of caffeine. These data support the superficial buffer barrier hypothesis, which holds that Ca2+ entry from the extracellular space proceeds via a restricted cytoplasmic region between the inner plasmalemmal surface and the peripheral sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Ca2+ accumulation by this SR fraction appears to be able to delay Ca2+ entry into the deeper myoplasm where it activates the myofilaments. Caffeine and thapsigargin elevated the steady-state [Ca2+]i, suggesting a contribution by the SR Ca2+ pump to Ca2+ extrusion from the cells. Norepinephrine enhanced myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, while caffeine decreased it.Key words: smooth muscle, superficial buffer barrier, Ca2+ entry, Ca2+ extrusion, fura-2 fluorescence.