New Techniques in Mine Orientation Surveys

Abstract

Underground surveys in mines can be oriented either by single-shaft plumbing, double-shaft plumbing with an accompanying connecting traverse, or by gyro-theodolite observations. The relative merits of these methods are discussed. Descriptions are given of two types of laser plummets and of a laser centering detector, which were designed and manufactured at the University of New Brunswick and which facilitate optical shaft plumbing of high precision. Details are presented of surface and underground traverses, connecting mine shafts, in which the distances were measured with the new Wild D1-10 and tellurometer MA-100 infrared instruments. Finally, gyro-orientation methods are outlined. The various errors affecting gyro-azimuth determinations are described in detail and hints are given for ensuring high accuracy.